European hackberry is a medium to large deciduous tree (15–25 m) native to the Mediterranean, prized for its tough, drought‑resistant nature. Grey bark and wide crown carry rough‑textured, lanceolate leaves that turn yellow in autumn. Small spring flowers give way to sweet, purple‑black drupes enjoyed by birds. Excellent for urban planting, shelterbelts and as a street tree on poor, calcareous soils; hardy to −20 °C and long‑lived.